{"id":883,"date":"2026-03-02T14:07:23","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T13:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/?p=883"},"modified":"2026-03-02T14:07:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T13:07:23","slug":"az-ethereum-merge-hogyan-bucsuzott-el-a-vilag-masodik-legnagyobb-kriptovalutaja-a-banyaszattol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/az-ethereum-merge-hogyan-bucsuzott-el-a-vilag-masodik-legnagyobb-kriptovalutaja-a-banyaszattol\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ethereum Merge \u2014 How Did the World's Second-Largest Cryptocurrency Say Goodbye to Mining?"},"content":{"rendered":"<li>szeptember 15-\u00e9n hajnalban, az Ethereum blokk 15537393-n\u00e1l valami visszaford\u00edthatatlan t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt: a vil\u00e1g m\u00e1sodik legnagyobb kriptovaluta-h\u00e1l\u00f3zata egyetlen pillanat alatt kikapcsolta a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szatot. Nincs t\u00f6bb GPU farm, nincs t\u00f6bb izz\u00f3 videok\u00e1rtya \u2014 az Ethereum \u00e1tl\u00e9pett a Proof of Stake korszakba. Ez volt a kript\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9nek legnagyobb technikai \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1sa, \u00e9s hat\u00e1sai a mai napig \u00e9rezhet\u0151k. <strong>Ha b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz volt\u00e1l, ez volt a nap, amikor megv\u00e1ltozott az \u00e9leted.<\/strong><\/li>\n<h2>The Golden Age of Ethereum Mining: 2016\u20132022<\/h2>\n<p>Ethereum mining was the era of GPUs. While Bitcoin became ASIC-dominated territory as early as 2013, Ethereum's Ethash algorithm was intentionally memory-intensive \u2014 making graphics cards the optimal tool. This made mining more democratic: anyone with a gaming PC could mine ETH on the side.<\/p>\n<p>A 2020-2021-es DeFi \u00e9s NFT boom idej\u00e9n az Ethereum b\u00e1ny\u00e1szat aranyb\u00e1ny\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. A gas fee-k elsz\u00e1lltak, a b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz bev\u00e9telek az egekbe emelkedtek, \u00e9s a GPU-k \u00e1ra a h\u00e1romszoros\u00e1ra n\u0151tt \u2014 ha egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n kaphat\u00f3k voltak. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chainalysis.com\/blog\/ethereum-merge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chainalysis elemz\u00e9se<\/a> szerint ebben az id\u0151szakban az Ethereum b\u00e1ny\u00e1szat napi t\u00f6bb mint 40 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1ros bev\u00e9telt gener\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n<p>Ez volt a FOMO cs\u00facspontja: aki nem b\u00e1ny\u00e1szott, az \u201ekimaradt&#8221;. Akik viszont 2021 v\u00e9g\u00e9n vettek dr\u00e1ga GPU rig-eket, azokn\u00e1l m\u00e1r ketyegett az \u00f3ra \u2014 a Merge k\u00f6zeledett.<\/p>\n<h2>The Beacon Chain and the Long Preparation<\/h2>\n<p>Az Ethereum \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s nem egyik napr\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. A Beacon Chain \u2014 az Ethereum PoS l\u00e1nc\u00e1nak alapja \u2014 m\u00e1r 2020 december\u00e9ben elindult. Ez a \u201epr\u00f3bah\u00e1l\u00f3zat&#8221; k\u00e9t \u00e9ven kereszt\u00fcl futott p\u00e1rhuzamosan a PoW l\u00e1nccal, lehet\u0151s\u00e9get adva a valid\u00e1toroknak, hogy 32 ETH-t stake-eljenek \u00e9s tesztelj\u00e9k a rendszert.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fidelity.com\/learning-center\/trading-investing\/ethereum-merge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fidelity \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3ja<\/a> kiemeli: a Merge val\u00f3j\u00e1ban k\u00e9t l\u00e1nc \u201e\u00f6sszeolvad\u00e1sa&#8221; volt \u2014 a megl\u00e9v\u0151 PoW execution layer \u00e9s az \u00faj PoS consensus layer eggy\u00e9 v\u00e1lt. Ez olyan, mintha menet k\u00f6zben cser\u00e9ln\u00e9d ki egy rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9p motorj\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>A \u201edifficulty bomb&#8221; volt az a technikai biztos\u00edt\u00e9k, amely lehetetlenn\u00e9 tette a halogat\u00e1st. Ez a be\u00e9p\u00edtett mechanizmus fokozatosan n\u00f6velte a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szati neh\u00e9zs\u00e9get, m\u00edg v\u00e9g\u00fcl a PoW l\u00e1nc haszn\u00e1lhatatlann\u00e1 v\u00e1lt volna. T\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r elhalasztott\u00e1k, de v\u00e9g\u00fcl bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tte a szerep\u00e9t \u2014 nyom\u00e1st gyakorolt a fejleszt\u0151kre, hogy befejezz\u00e9k az \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1st.<\/p>\n<h2>The Big Moment: September 15, 2022<\/h2>\n<p>The Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD) \u2014 the cumulative difficulty value at which the transition would occur \u2014 was set to 58750000000000000000000. When the network reached this value, PoW mining simply ceased. No downtime, no flashing warnings \u2014 mining nodes simply stopped receiving work.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2022\/ph240\/forman1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford kutat\u00e1s<\/a> szerint a Merge ut\u00e1n az Ethereum energiafogyaszt\u00e1sa 99,95%-kal cs\u00f6kkent. Sz\u00e1mszer\u0171s\u00edtve: egy kisebb orsz\u00e1g \u00e9ves \u00e1ramfogyaszt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l gyakorlatilag n\u00e9h\u00e1ny irodah\u00e1z szintj\u00e9re esett vissza. Ez volt az egyik legl\u00e1tv\u00e1nyosabb z\u00f6ld \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1s b\u00e1rmely technol\u00f3giai szektorban.<\/p>\n<p>But what did those who had just set up their mining farms feel?<\/p>\n<h2>The Miners' Fate: Panic, Adaptation, Alternatives<\/h2>\n<p>A Merge a viselked\u00e9s-pszichol\u00f3gia tank\u00f6nyvi esete a loss aversion szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. A b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok nem csup\u00e1n a j\u00f6v\u0151beli bev\u00e9telt vesz\u00edtett\u00e9k el \u2014 az addigi befektet\u00e9seik (GPU-k, infrastrukt\u00fara, \u00e1ram-szerz\u0151d\u00e9sek) \u00e9rt\u00e9ktelenedtek el. A <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/ethereum-merge-prompts-miners-and-mining-pools-to-make-a-choice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoinTelegraph riportja<\/a> szerint a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok t\u00f6bb strat\u00e9gi\u00e1t k\u00f6vettek:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. GPU-k elad\u00e1sa:<\/strong> A haszn\u00e1lt GPU piac el\u00e1raszt\u00f3dott. Az RTX 3080-ak, amelyek 2021-ben 1500-2000 doll\u00e1rt \u00e9rtek, hirtelen 300-400 doll\u00e1rra zuhantak. A gamerek ujjongtak, a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok s\u00edrtak.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Altcoin b\u00e1ny\u00e1szatra v\u00e1lt\u00e1s:<\/strong> Ethereum Classic (ETC), Ravencoin (RVN), Ergo (ERG) \u2014 ezek lettek a \u201emenek\u00fcl\u0151 utak&#8221;. De a hirtelen megn\u00f6vekedett hashrate \u00e9s a v\u00e1ltozatlan blokk jutalom azt jelentette, hogy a profitabilit\u00e1s itt is \u00f6sszeomlott.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Ethereum Classic \u2014 a PoW-n maradt Ethereum:<\/strong> Az ETC volt a legnagyobb haszon\u00e9lvez\u0151. A 2016-os DAO hack \u00f3ta l\u00e9tez\u0151, PoW-n maradt l\u00e1nc hirtelen az Ethereum b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok term\u00e9szetes otthon\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt. Chandler Guo, az ismert Bitcoin b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz, az els\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt kamp\u00e1nyolt az ETC mellett.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Teljesen kisz\u00e1ll\u00e1s:<\/strong> Sokan egyszer\u0171en feladt\u00e1k. A Zeigarnik-effektus itt j\u00e1tszott szerepet: az a tudat, hogy egy \u201ebefejezetlen projekt&#8221; (a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szat ROI-ja) soha nem t\u00e9r\u00fcl meg, er\u0151sebb nyomot hagyott, mint egy lez\u00e1rt, megt\u00e9r\u00fclt befektet\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h2>The Numbers Don't Lie: What Changed?<\/h2>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1544612324017094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Direct-ben megjelent 2025-\u00f6s tanulm\u00e1ny<\/a> \u00f6sszefoglal\u00e1sa szerint:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Energiafogyaszt\u00e1s:<\/strong> ~99,8%-os cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li><strong>Valid\u00e1torok sz\u00e1ma:<\/strong> t\u00f6bb mint 900 000 (2025 elej\u00e9re)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9ves staking hozam:<\/strong> 3-4% (az ETH mennyis\u00e9gt\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infl\u00e1ci\u00f3:<\/strong> az ETH nett\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1sa negat\u00edvba fordult (a burn mechanizmus miatt)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Az EY tan\u00e1csad\u00f3 c\u00e9g <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ey.com\/en_ch\/insights\/technology\/how-does-the-ethereum-merge-help-the-real-and-virtual-world-save-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">elemz\u00e9se<\/a> kiemeli, hogy a Merge az ESG-tudatos int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyi befektet\u0151k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra tette elfogadhat\u00f3v\u00e1 az Ethereumot \u2014 egy kor\u00e1bban \u201ek\u00f6rnyezetszennyez\u0151&#8221; technol\u00f3gi\u00e1b\u00f3l \u201ez\u00f6ld&#8221; befektet\u00e9si lehet\u0151s\u00e9g lett. <\/p>\n<h2>Lessons: Could Bitcoin Follow?<\/h2>\n<p>The short answer: almost certainly not. The Bitcoin community is philosophically committed to PoW. But the Merge proved that a multi-hundred-billion-dollar network is capable of changing its fundamental consensus mechanism \u2014 live, without downtime.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Az Ethereum Merge nem csup\u00e1n egy technikai friss\u00edt\u00e9s volt \u2014 ez volt az a pillanat, amikor bebizonyosodott, hogy a blockchain technol\u00f3gia k\u00e9pes a radik\u00e1lis \u00f6n\u00e1talak\u00edt\u00e1sra. A k\u00e9rd\u00e9s most m\u00e1r nem az, hogy lehets\u00e9ges-e, hanem az, hogy ki k\u00f6vetkezik.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3>Sources<\/h3>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chainalysis.com\/blog\/ethereum-merge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chainalysis \u2014 How The Ethereum Merge May Impact the Crypto Ecosystem<\/a> \u2014 hat\u00e1selemz\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fidelity.com\/learning-center\/trading-investing\/ethereum-merge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fidelity \u2014 Ethereum Merge<\/a> \u2014 \u00e1tfog\u00f3 \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/ethereum-merge-prompts-miners-and-mining-pools-to-make-a-choice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoinTelegraph \u2014 Ethereum Merge prompts miners to make a choice<\/a> \u2014 b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz reakci\u00f3k<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2022\/ph240\/forman1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford \u2014 The Energy Impact of the Ethereum Merge<\/a> \u2014 energiafogyaszt\u00e1s elemz\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ey.com\/en_ch\/insights\/technology\/how-does-the-ethereum-merge-help-the-real-and-virtual-world-save-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EY \u2014 How does the Ethereum Merge help save energy?<\/a> \u2014 ESG hat\u00e1s<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1544612324017094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Direct \u2014 The Ethereum merge&#8217;s effect (2025)<\/a> \u2014 tudom\u00e1nyos tanulm\u00e1ny<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cointracker.io\/learn\/the-merge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoinTracker \u2014 What is the Merge?<\/a> \u2014 technikai h\u00e1tt\u00e9r<\/li>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>szeptember 15-\u00e9n hajnalban, az Ethereum blokk 15537393-n\u00e1l valami visszaford\u00edthatatlan t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt: a vil\u00e1g m\u00e1sodik legnagyobb kriptovaluta-h\u00e1l\u00f3zata egyetlen pillanat alatt kikapcsolta a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szatot. Nincs t\u00f6bb GPU farm, nincs t\u00f6bb izz\u00f3 videok\u00e1rtya \u2014 az Ethereum \u00e1tl\u00e9pett a Proof of Stake korszakba. Ez volt a kript\u00f3 t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9nek legnagyobb technikai \u00e1t\u00e1ll\u00e1sa, \u00e9s hat\u00e1sai a mai napig \u00e9rezhet\u0151k. Ha b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz volt\u00e1l, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":997,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[123,21,4,127,114,137,122,124,29,118,119,130,138,117,135,133,51],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-banyaszat","tag-asic","tag-banyaszat","tag-bitcoin","tag-biztonsag","tag-blockchain","tag-defi","tag-energia","tag-ethash","tag-ethereum","tag-gpu","tag-hashrate","tag-kornyezet","tag-nft","tag-profitabilitas","tag-proof-of-stake","tag-proof-of-work","tag-rig"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=883"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":998,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883\/revisions\/998"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}