{"id":857,"date":"2026-03-02T14:06:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T13:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/?p=857"},"modified":"2026-03-02T14:06:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T13:06:43","slug":"a-dao-hack-es-a-fork-haboruk-amikor-a-banyaszok-dontottek-a-blockchain-sorsarol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/a-dao-hack-es-a-fork-haboruk-amikor-a-banyaszok-dontottek-a-blockchain-sorsarol\/","title":{"rendered":"The DAO Hack and the Fork Wars: When Miners Decided the Blockchain's Fate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine that one day $50 million worth of cryptocurrency vanishes before your eyes \u2014 and the community has to decide: do they turn back time, or let it happen. This isn't fiction: in 2016, this is exactly what happened on the Ethereum network. The story of the fork wars is about how miners became the most important voters in the decentralized world \u2014 and what price they paid for it.<\/p>\n<h2>The DAO Hack: $50 Million and a Divided Community<\/h2>\n<p>2016 j\u00fanius\u00e1ban a <strong>The DAO<\/strong> (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) volt a vil\u00e1g legnagyobb crowdfunding projektje: t\u00f6bb mint 150 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1r \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 ETH gy\u0171lt \u00f6ssze benne. Azt\u00e1n egy t\u00e1mad\u00f3 kihaszn\u00e1lta a smart contract egy reentrancy sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s <strong>3,6 milli\u00f3 ETH-t<\/strong> szivatty\u00fazott ki \u2014 az akkori \u00e1rfolyamon mintegy 50 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1r \u00e9rt\u00e9kben (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gemini.com\/cryptopedia\/the-dao-hack-makerdao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gemini Cryptopedia<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>A k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g h\u00e1rom t\u00e1borra szakadt. Az egyik csoport azt akarta, hogy <strong>hard fork<\/strong>-kal ford\u00edts\u00e1k vissza a tranzakci\u00f3t \u2014 mintha sosem t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt volna meg. A m\u00e1sik t\u00e1bor amellett \u00e9rvelt, hogy <em>&#8222;a k\u00f3d a t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny&#8221;<\/em> \u2014 ha a smart contract megengedte, az nem hack, hanem a rendszer m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9se. A harmadik csoport egyszer\u0171en nem tudott d\u00f6nteni.<\/p>\n<p>De ki d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt v\u00e9g\u00fcl? <strong>A b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>When the Hashrate Votes: ETH vs. ETC<\/h2>\n<li>j\u00falius 20-\u00e1n v\u00e9grehajtott\u00e1k a hard fork-ot. Az Ethereum (ETH) l\u00e1ncon visszaford\u00edtott\u00e1k a DAO tranzakci\u00f3t, az eredeti \u2014 m\u00f3dos\u00edtatlan \u2014 l\u00e1nc pedig <strong>Ethereum Classic (ETC)<\/strong> n\u00e9ven \u00e9lt tov\u00e1bb. A b\u00e1ny\u00e1szoknak v\u00e1lasztaniuk kellett: melyik l\u00e1ncra ir\u00e1ny\u00edtj\u00e1k a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si kapacit\u00e1sukat?<\/li>\n<p>Az eredm\u00e9ny egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 volt: a hashrate <strong>t\u00falnyom\u00f3 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge az ETH mell\u00e9 \u00e1llt<\/strong>. Vitalik Buterin \u00e9s a fejleszt\u0151i k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g befoly\u00e1sa er\u0151sebbnek bizonyult, mint a &#8222;k\u00f3d a t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny&#8221; filoz\u00f3fia. Az ETC nem halt meg \u2014 m\u00e9g ma is l\u00e9tezik \u2014, de soha nem nyerte vissza kor\u00e1bbi jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p>Ez volt az els\u0151 alkalom, hogy a kriptovil\u00e1g szembes\u00fclt egy d\u00f6bbenetes igazs\u00e1ggal: <strong>a Proof-of-Work rendszerben a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok nemcsak tranzakci\u00f3kat valid\u00e1lnak \u2014 \u0151k szavaznak a protokoll j\u00f6v\u0151j\u00e9r\u0151l.<\/strong> Aki lemarad ennek meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l, nem \u00e9rti a decentraliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 val\u00f3di term\u00e9szet\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<h2>The Bitcoin Fork Wars: Big Blocks, Big Egos<\/h2>\n<p>Ha a DAO hack volt az Ethereum v\u00e1l\u00f3pere, a <strong>2017-es Bitcoin blokk-m\u00e9ret vita<\/strong> volt a Bitcoin polg\u00e1rh\u00e1bor\u00faja.<\/p>\n<p>The problem was simple: Bitcoin's blocks were 1 MB in size, and the network was becoming slow due to growing traffic. The solution, however, divided the community:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Small blockers<\/strong> (Bitcoin Core fejleszt\u0151k): SegWit + Lightning Network \u2014 a f\u0151 l\u00e1nc maradjon kicsi, a sk\u00e1l\u00e1z\u00e1s t\u00f6rt\u00e9njen a m\u00e1sodik r\u00e9tegen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Big blockers<\/strong> (Roger Ver, Jihan Wu): n\u00f6velj\u00e9k a blokkot 8 MB-ra, ezzel k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a f\u0151 l\u00e1ncon oldjanak meg t\u00f6bbet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> 2017 augusztus\u00e1ban a big blockers t\u00e1bor v\u00e9grehajtotta a hard fork-ot: megsz\u00fcletett a <strong>Bitcoin Cash (BCH)<\/strong>. Jihan Wu, a Bitmain alap\u00edt\u00f3ja \u2014 aki a vil\u00e1g legnagyobb ASIC gy\u00e1rt\u00f3j\u00e1t vezette \u2014 a BCH m\u00f6g\u00e9 \u00e1llt a teljes b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz kapacit\u00e1s\u00e1val. Ez nem v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl volt fontos: <em>aki\u00e9 a hashrate, az\u00e9 a hatalom<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/technical\/week-2-how-bitcoin-cash-hash-war-came-and-went-and-not-much-happened\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitcoin Magazine<\/a>). <\/p>\n<p>The miner vote was once again clear: BTC retained the hashrate majority. BCH existed and operated, but market and mining dominance stayed on the original Bitcoin's side.<\/p>\n<h2>The Hash War: Craig Wright and the BSV Split<\/h2>\n<p>Mintha a BCH fork nem lett volna el\u00e9g dr\u00e1mai, 2018 november\u00e9ben a Bitcoin Cash k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g is kett\u00e9szakadt. <strong>Craig Wright<\/strong> \u2014 aki mag\u00e1t Satoshi Nakamot\u00f3nak \u00e1ll\u00edtotta \u2014 \u00e9s az nChain csapata l\u00e9trehozta a <strong>Bitcoin SV<\/strong> (Satoshi&#8217;s Vision) fork-ot.<\/p>\n<p>Amit Wright \u00edg\u00e9rt, az nem kevesebb volt, mint hash war: <em>&#8222;Mi fogjuk ir\u00e1ny\u00edtani a t\u00f6bbs\u00e9gi hashrate-et, \u00e9s 51%-os t\u00e1mad\u00e1ssal t\u00f6r\u00f6lj\u00fck a BCH ABC l\u00e1ncot.&#8221;<\/em> A val\u00f3s\u00e1g szer\u00e9nyebb lett: mindk\u00e9t l\u00e1nc t\u00fal\u00e9lte, de a BSV soha nem v\u00e1lt mainstreamm\u00e9, \u00e9s Wright \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sait sem a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gok, sem a kriptok\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g nem fogadta el (<a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/week-2-bitcoin-cash-hash-war-002359944.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yahoo Finance<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>A hash war tanuls\u00e1ga m\u00e9gis fontos: <strong>a hashrate koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 vesz\u00e9lyes fegyver<\/strong>, de \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban nem el\u00e9g a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g, a fejleszt\u0151k \u00e9s a t\u0151zsd\u00e9k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl.<\/p>\n<h2>The Miner as Voter: What Did the Forks Teach Us?<\/h2>\n<p>A fork h\u00e1bor\u00fak t\u00f6bb mint technikai \u00e9rdekess\u00e9gek \u2014 <strong>a Proof-of-Work demokr\u00e1cia k\u00eds\u00e9rletei<\/strong> voltak. \u00cdme a legfontosabb tanuls\u00e1gok:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. A hashrate szavaz\u00e1s, de nem egyed\u00fcl d\u00f6nt.<\/strong> A b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok ir\u00e1ny\u00edtj\u00e1k a feldolgoz\u00e1si kapacit\u00e1st, de a t\u0151zsd\u00e9k, fejleszt\u0151k \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl egy l\u00e1nc \u00e9rt\u00e9ktelen. A BCH \u00e9s BSV ezt bizony\u00edtott\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. A fork gazdas\u00e1gi d\u00f6nt\u00e9s.<\/strong> B\u00e1ny\u00e1szati szempontb\u00f3l a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s mindig az: <em>melyik l\u00e1nc j\u00f6vedelmez\u0151bb?<\/em> A hashrate k\u00f6veti a profitot \u2014 ha az egyik l\u00e1nc magasabb jutalmat k\u00edn\u00e1l, a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok odav\u00e1ndorolnak. Ez az ingadoz\u00e1s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a fork ut\u00e1ni els\u0151 hetekben volt dr\u00e1mai.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Az ideol\u00f3gia h\u00e1tt\u00e9rbe szorul.<\/strong> B\u00e1rmennyire is hangos volt a &#8222;k\u00f3d a t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny&#8221; t\u00e1bor vagy Craig Wright v\u00edzi\u00f3ja, v\u00e9g\u00fcl a gazdas\u00e1gi racionalit\u00e1s gy\u0151z\u00f6tt. A b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok d\u00f6nt\u0151 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge mindig oda ment, ahol a p\u00e9nz volt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. A fork nem hal\u00e1l \u2014 de nem is felt\u00e1mad\u00e1s.<\/strong> Az ETC, BCH \u00e9s BSV mind l\u00e9teznek, de egyik\u00fck sem k\u00f6zel\u00edti meg az eredeti l\u00e1ncok dominanci\u00e1j\u00e1t. A fork lehet\u0151s\u00e9g \u2014 de nem garancia.<\/p>\n<h2>What If They Had Decided Differently?<\/h2>\n<p>Gondolj bele: ha a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge az Ethereum Classic mell\u00e9 \u00e1llt volna 2016-ban, ma tal\u00e1n nem l\u00e9tezne a DeFi \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma, az NFT-k, a milli\u00e1rd doll\u00e1ros smart contract univerzum. <strong>Egyetlen hashrate-szavaz\u00e1s \u00e1t\u00edrta a kriptovalut\u00e1k t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9t.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A fork h\u00e1bor\u00fak legnagyobb tanuls\u00e1ga nem technikai, hanem emberi: a decentraliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 nem jelenti azt, hogy nincsenek d\u00f6nt\u00e9sek \u2014 csak azt, hogy azokat m\u00e1shogy hozz\u00e1k meg. A b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok, hashrate-j\u00fckkel &#8222;szavazva,&#8221; a kriptovil\u00e1g legfontosabb d\u00f6nt\u00e9shoz\u00f3iv\u00e1 v\u00e1ltak. \u00c9s ha legk\u00f6zelebb valaki azt k\u00e9rdezi, hogy <em>&#8222;mire j\u00f3 a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szat azon k\u00edv\u00fcl, hogy Bitcoint termel?&#8221;<\/em> \u2014 mondd azt: <strong>a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok \u0151rzik a konszenzust, \u00e9s sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n \u0151k d\u00f6ntik el a blockchain j\u00f6v\u0151j\u00e9t.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3>Sources<\/h3>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gemini.com\/cryptopedia\/the-dao-hack-makerdao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gemini Cryptopedia \u2014 The DAO Hack Explained<\/a> \u2014 A DAO hack r\u00e9szletes t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinmagazine.com\/technical\/week-2-how-bitcoin-cash-hash-war-came-and-went-and-not-much-happened\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitcoin Magazine \u2014 Bitcoin Cash Hash War<\/a> \u2014 A BCH\/BSV hash war elemz\u00e9se<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/week-2-bitcoin-cash-hash-war-002359944.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yahoo Finance \u2014 Hash War Week 2<\/a> \u2014 A hash war kimenetele<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@bitcoingoldorg\/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-2017-bitcoin-fork-civil-war-59a2a8f49b49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Medium \u2014 2017 Bitcoin Fork Civil War<\/a> \u2014 A blokk-m\u00e9ret vita \u00e1tfog\u00f3 elemz\u00e9se<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bitcoin_Cash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia \u2014 Bitcoin Cash<\/a> \u2014 BCH t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti h\u00e1tt\u00e9r<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitstamp.net\/learn\/crypto-101\/ethereum-dao-hack\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitstamp \u2014 Ethereum DAO Hack<\/a> \u2014 Az Ethereum hard fork technikai r\u00e9szletei<\/li>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00e9pzeld el, hogy egy napon 50 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1rnyi kriptovaluta t\u0171nik el a szemed l\u00e1tt\u00e1ra \u2014 \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gnek kell eld\u00f6ntenie: visszaford\u00edtj\u00e1k az id\u0151t, vagy hagyj\u00e1k megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nni. Ez nem fikci\u00f3: 2016-ban pontosan ez t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt az Ethereum h\u00e1l\u00f3zaton. A fork h\u00e1bor\u00fak t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete arr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l, hogyan v\u00e1ltak a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok a decentraliz\u00e1lt vil\u00e1g legfontosabb szavaz\u00f3iv\u00e1 \u2014 \u00e9s milyen \u00e1rat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[123,21,4,54,127,114,137,29,119,139,138,133,113,136],"class_list":["post-857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-banyaszat","tag-asic","tag-banyaszat","tag-bitcoin","tag-bitmain","tag-biztonsag","tag-blockchain","tag-defi","tag-ethereum","tag-hashrate","tag-lightning-network","tag-nft","tag-proof-of-work","tag-satoshi-nakamoto","tag-szabalyozas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":946,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/857\/revisions\/946"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}