Imagine trying to win the lottery by yourself. Now imagine pooling together with a thousand people to buy tickets and splitting the winnings. That's exactly the essence of mining pools \u2014 and this simple idea fundamentally changed Bitcoin mining. But like every centralization process, this one has a dark side too. In 2025, six pools control 95% of all mined blocks. How did we get here, and should we be worried?<\/p>\n
In Bitcoin's early days \u2014 2009-2010 \u2014 anyone could mine on their own laptop. Satoshi Nakamoto himself mined the first blocks, and the difficulty was so low that an average CPU could regularly find blocks. But as the network grew, the difficulty grew exponentially too.<\/p>\n
2010 v\u00e9g\u00e9re egy sz\u00f3l\u00f3 b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz es\u00e9lye egy blokk megtal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra m\u00e1r olyan volt, mint t\u0171t keresni a sz\u00e9nakazalban. A probl\u00e9ma matematikai: ha a teljes h\u00e1l\u00f3zat hashrate-je 1 TH\/s, \u00e9s te 1 GH\/s-sel b\u00e1ny\u00e1szol, az es\u00e9lyeid 1:1000. Egy blokkot \u00e1tlagosan 10 percenk\u00e9nt tal\u00e1lnak \u2014 neked teh\u00e1t \u00e1tlagosan 7 napot<\/strong> kellene v\u00e1rnod egyetlen blokkra. Ha a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat tov\u00e1bb n\u0151, ez h\u00f3napokra, majd \u00e9vekre n\u0151. Kit motiv\u00e1lna ez?<\/p>\n A megold\u00e1st egy cseh fejleszt\u0151 tal\u00e1lta ki. Marek \u201eSlush” Palatinus<\/strong> 2010 november\u00e9ben elind\u00edtotta a vil\u00e1g els\u0151 b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz pool-j\u00e1t, amelyet eredetileg Bitcoin.cz-nek, k\u00e9s\u0151bb Slush Pool<\/strong>-nak neveztek el (ma Braiins Pool<\/strong> n\u00e9ven m\u0171k\u00f6dik) (Changelly, 2025<\/a>).<\/p>\n The idea was brilliantly simple: miners combine their computational capacity, and the rewards from found blocks are distributed in proportion to their contribution. Everyone receives a smaller but predictable income, rather than playing the all-or-nothing lottery.<\/p>\n Palatinus didn't just solve a technical problem \u2014 he brought a revolution from a behavioral psychology perspective as well. The human brain handles rare, large rewards poorly (that's why solo mining isn't motivating), but responds well to small, regular rewards. Pools circumvented this psychological barrier.<\/p>\n The first decade saw rapid pool evolution:<\/p>\n BTC Guild (2011-2015)<\/strong>: Az egyik els\u0151 nagy pool, amely cs\u00facsidej\u00e9ben a hashrate 26%-\u00e1t adta. A tulajdonos, Eleuthria v\u00e9g\u00fcl \u00f6nk\u00e9nt z\u00e1rta be, agg\u00f3dva a centraliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 miatt.<\/p>\n GHash.IO \u00e9s a 2014-es p\u00e1nikmoment<\/strong>: 2014 j\u00fanius\u00e1ban a GHash.IO pool el\u00e9rte a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat hashrate-j\u00e9nek 51%-\u00e1t<\/strong> \u2014 ez volt az els\u0151 val\u00f3di \u201e51%-os t\u00e1mad\u00e1s” riaszt\u00e1s a Bitcoin t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9ben. B\u00e1r nem \u00e9ltek vissza a poz\u00edci\u00f3jukkal, a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g sokkot kapott. Az incidens ut\u00e1n a pool \u00f6nk\u00e9nt visszafogta a kapacit\u00e1s\u00e1t, de a figyelmeztet\u00e9s egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 volt: a pool-ok t\u00falzott koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3ja a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat biztons\u00e1g\u00e1t fenyegeti (MiningRace, 2025<\/a>).<\/p>\n AntPool \u00e9s F2Pool (2013-napjainkig)<\/strong>: A Bitmain \u00e1ltal \u00fczemeltetett AntPool \u00e9s a k\u00ednai F2Pool \u00e9vekig a k\u00e9t legnagyobb pool volt, egy\u00fcttesen 30-40%-os r\u00e9szesed\u00e9ssel.<\/p>\n Foundry USA Pool (2020-napjainkig)<\/strong>: A Digital Currency Group (DCG) le\u00e1nyv\u00e1llalata, a Foundry, a k\u00ednai tilalom ut\u00e1ni amerikai b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz boomnak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en lett a vil\u00e1g legnagyobb poolja. 2025-ben a hashrate ~30%-\u00e1t<\/strong> kontroll\u00e1lja.<\/p>\n A b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz pool-ok a Stratum protokollt<\/strong> haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k a kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3ra. A folyamat l\u00e9nyege:<\/p>\n Payout methods vary:<\/p>\n A Hackernoon 2025-\u00f6s elemz\u00e9se<\/a> riaszt\u00f3 k\u00e9pet fest. 2025-ben a hashrate megoszl\u00e1sa:<\/p>\n | Pool | Hashrate r\u00e9szesed\u00e9s | |——|——————-| | Foundry USA | ~30% | | AntPool | ~19% | | ViaBTC | ~14,5% | | F2Pool | ~12% | | MARA Pool | ~10% | | SpiderPool | ~9,5% | | \u00d6sszesen (top 6)<\/strong> | ~95%<\/strong> |<\/p>\n Ez a koncentr\u00e1ci\u00f3 komoly k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket vet fel. Ha Foundry \u00e9s AntPool \u00f6sszefogn\u00e1nak, egy\u00fctt 49%-os<\/strong> hashrate-tel rendelkezn\u00e9nek \u2014 vesz\u00e9lyesen k\u00f6zel az 51%-os k\u00fcsz\u00f6bh\u00f6z. Term\u00e9szetesen egy pool nem egyenl\u0151 egy entit\u00e1ssal \u2014 a pool-ok sok f\u00fcggetlen b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1si kapacit\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00f6sszes\u00edtik. De a pool oper\u00e1tor d\u00f6nt arr\u00f3l, mely tranzakci\u00f3kat tartalmazza egy blokk, \u00e9s elm\u00e9letileg cenz\u00far\u00e1zhat is.<\/p>\n The community isn't idly watching centralization unfold. Two important developments:<\/p>\n Stratum V2<\/strong>: A Braiins \u00e1ltal fejlesztett \u00faj protokoll lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi, hogy az egy\u00e9ni b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok<\/strong> v\u00e1lassz\u00e1k ki, mely tranzakci\u00f3kat tartalmazza a blokk \u2014 nem a pool oper\u00e1tor. Ez dr\u00e1maian cs\u00f6kkenti a cenz\u00fara kock\u00e1zat\u00e1t, mik\u00f6zben meg\u0151rzi a pool-ok el\u0151nyeit.<\/p>\n OCEAN Pool<\/strong>: Luke Dashjr, veter\u00e1n Bitcoin Core fejleszt\u0151 \u00e1ltal ind\u00edtott pool, amely a decentraliz\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9s az \u00e1tl\u00e1that\u00f3s\u00e1got helyezi el\u0151t\u00e9rbe. Az OCEAN a Stratum V2-t haszn\u00e1lja, \u00e9s kifejezetten azokat a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szokat c\u00e9lozza, akik nem akarnak a nagy pool-ok centraliz\u00e1lt d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatal\u00e1ban r\u00e9szt venni.<\/p>\n If you're not a miner, you might think this doesn't affect you. But think about it: if six companies control which transactions get included in the Bitcoin blockchain, it could undermine the entire system's censorship-resistant nature. Bitcoin's value lies not just in its price \u2014 but in the promise that nobody can control it.<\/p>\n A pool-ok t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete egy klasszikus social proof<\/em> jelens\u00e9g: a b\u00e1ny\u00e1szok oda mennek, ahol a t\u00f6bbiek vannak, ami tov\u00e1bb er\u0151s\u00edti a nagy pool-ok dominanci\u00e1j\u00e1t. A k\u00e9rd\u00e9s az, hogy a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g k\u00e9pes-e megt\u00f6rni ezt a ciklust \u2014 a Stratum V2 \u00e9s az OCEAN Pool legal\u00e1bbis megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lja.<\/p>\n The invention of mining pools was one of the most important innovations in Bitcoin's history. But like every tool, it's a double-edged sword. The next decade will decide whether pools remain servants of decentralization \u2014 or become its gravediggers.<\/p>\n K\u00e9pzeld el, hogy egyed\u00fcl pr\u00f3b\u00e1lsz megnyerni a lott\u00f3t. Most k\u00e9pzeld el, hogy ezer emberrel \u00f6sszefogva veszel jegyeket, \u00e9s a nyerem\u00e9nyt elosztj\u00e1tok. Pontosan ez a b\u00e1ny\u00e1sz pool-ok l\u00e9nyege \u2014 \u00e9s ez az egyszer\u0171 \u00f6tlet alapjaiban v\u00e1ltoztatta meg a Bitcoin b\u00e1ny\u00e1szatot. De mint minden centraliz\u00e1ci\u00f3s folyamatnak, ennek is van s\u00f6t\u00e9t oldala. 2025-ben hat pool kontroll\u00e1lja a kib\u00e1ny\u00e1szott […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":939,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[21,4,54,127,116,119,126,128,113,129],"class_list":["post-854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-banyaszat","tag-banyaszat","tag-bitcoin","tag-bitmain","tag-biztonsag","tag-cpu","tag-hashrate","tag-kina","tag-pool","tag-satoshi-nakamoto","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=854"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":940,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/854\/revisions\/940"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kriptoblog.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Marek Palatinus and the First Pool<\/h2>\n
The Evolution of Pools: From BTC Guild to Foundry<\/h2>\n
How Does a Pool Work from the Inside?<\/h2>\n
\n
The Centralization Nightmare: In 2025, Six Pools = 95%<\/h2>\n
Decentralization Strikes Back: Stratum V2 and OCEAN<\/h2>\n
Why Does This Matter to You?<\/h2>\n
\nSources<\/h3>\n